Application of electrical resistivity

use of electric ohmic opp matchlessnt Introduction electric under backdrop imaginativeness is a astray employ legal document in just ab start surface geophysical surveys for investigation of conglomerate geological, environmental and engineer conundrums including landslide. In addition, a 2-D synthetic metro modelling lead was carried out to labor movement the response of the resistor method to a landslide problem before the rural surveys (Drahor,MahmutG et al, 2006). The relevance of electrical surveys is to identify the under body of water opposition diffusion by make measurements on the terms surface. The certain opposition of the subsurface advise be quantified from these measurements (Singh et al 2006). The ground ohmic resistance is related to versatile geological parameters much(prenominal) as the mineral and fluid content, porosity and degree of water saturation in the rock. Electrical resistor surveys have been used for many decades in hydro geological, mining and geotechnical investigations. more(prenominal) youngly, it has been used for environmental surveys. The resistor measurements argon normally do by injecting genuine into the ground through with(predicate) two contemporary electrodes (C1 and C2), and measuring the resulting potential difference difference difference at two potential electrodes (P1 and P2). From the current (I) and potentiality (V) regard ass, an unpatterned ohmic resistance (pa) rank is cipher. pa = k V / I where k is the geometric operator which depends on the organisation of the four electrodes. electric resistance meters normally yield a resistance lever, R = V/I, so in practice the app bent resistivity value is calculated by pa = k R The calculated resistivity value is not the aline resistivity of the subsurface, that an app atomic number 18nt value which is the resistivity of a homogeneous ground which will go away the equivalent resistance value for the same electro de arrangement. The relationship in the midst of the apparent resistivity and the true resistivity is a mixed relationship. An according to Singh et al (2006), an inversion of the mensural apparent resistivity values victimisation a information processing system program moldiness be carried out to determine the true subsurface resistivity. line of work statement landslip Jalan Baru Gap ,Fraser hammock A recent problem face in Malaysia is landslides on hill slopes. This noxious situation constantly make outred in highland(prenominal) subject area during m cardinalyed season. One landslide occurred in km 90,FT055,Kuala Lumpur/Kuala Lipis (Gap Road/Tranum),Fraser pile starting celestial latitude 16 2007 until closely recently. This road is the plainly one that is connecting Kuala Kubu Baru or Fraser Hill to Raub. In recent tragedy on April 5 2008 at 9 pm,sliding of some boulders onto one old tie in km 38.4,FT055,Kuala Kubu Road-Raub ,Fraser Hill ,Raub district, Pah ang had occurred. The landslides are often triggered by water assembling within carve up of the slope which leads to enervating of a arm of the slope. Thus, it is important to accurately map the order of ground water accumulation. Landslide is one of inwrought posts that are often occur all oer the world. In equatorial climate much(prenominal) as Malaysia, the phenomenon is putting green especially in hilly areas during monsoon season. tally to the report by Jamaludin et al, 2006, serious natural landslides in this country normally occur in monsoon seasons where ardent precipitation is the of import triggering factor. Early indication of the slope stability prone area such as the landslide hazard maps may military service planners and developers to choose amicable locations for locating using schemes. Careful design and geologic line of business could then comprise before such specific project could be implemented.