Redemption in Death in Othello Essay - 1562 Words

Redemption in Death in Othello The brilliance of a tragedy lies in its ability to maintain its moral and the values it explores even in the tragic ending or in the downfall of its heroes. William Shakespeare does just this Othello, so quintessentially that the deaths in the end do not only refrain from undermining or canceling out the virtues of the play, but they actually restore them to the deceased, who have died because they have lost them. In this play, love, loyalty, and honesty are of foremost importance in the human condition, and when those are questioned or lost, chaos ensues. The tragedy lies in the fact that the truth is revealed only too late, and because of this only death can restore those values. The loss or†¦show more content†¦Iago, who presents himself as Othello’s confidante, signifies the antithesis of the virtues of the play, and Othello’s belief in the lies this villain tells destroy these values and lead to his demise. Iago is disloyal from the start. From the be ginning he tells us, â€Å"In following him [Othello], I follow but myself. / †¦ I am not what I am† (I, I, 55-62). Iago feigns devotion to Othello only to bring him down, and in doing so he makes himself seem virtuous and turns the true virtue, in Desdemona, to vice. When scheming to make Othello think that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio, Othello’s lieutenant, he plays on her concern for people, and her willingness to help Cassio come back into Othello’s favor: â€Å"So will I turn her virtue into pitch, / And out of her goodness make the net/ That shall enmesh them all† (II, iii, 360-62). As the opposite of all that is valued in the play, Iago is able to make the virtue of the other characters into their downfalls without them suspecting it. He observes of Othello, â€Å"The Moor†¦Is of a constant, loving, and noble nature† (II, I, 288-89). He then plans to use this nature to â€Å"Make the Moor thank me, love me, and r eward me / †¦ Even to madness† (II, I, 308-11). Iago uses Othello’s trusting nature and Desdemona’s goodness to create theShow MoreRelated Is Falling Failure or Freedom? Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesauthority over you. The falls in book nine of â€Å"Paradise Lost† and â€Å"Othello† both have parallels in the reasons and methods in which revenge was carried out and perfection was destroyed. But these stories end with different victors and very different balances of power. The fall of â€Å"Paradise Lost† does have motives and patterns common with the fall of â€Å"Othello.† Each story establishes the authority of a Supreme Being, God the creator and Othello respectively. God the creator made everything that exists, andRead MoreOthello, By Director Iqbal Khan891 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to director Iqbal Khan the state of not having certainty makes Othello a tragedy as a play. As a character not having certainty allowed his mind to become polluted and create a jealous monster. The relationship between Othello and Iago jeopardizes the idea of Othello’s character. The series betrayals are drawn upon by the false whisperings of Iago. He allowed Iago to manipulate his thoughts and conquer his conscience. During the final scene not having certainty deteriorates Othello’s characterRead MoreEssay on The Flaws of Othello, Murderer of Desdemona1477 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play Othello, the main character Othello is typically victimized and portrayed as a mere scapegoat of the villainous Iago’s devious plans. However, Othello is not completely void of responsibility for the death of his wife. Othello, the tragic hero, is just as responsible as Iago for his premeditated murder of Desdemona due to his own internal flaws. Specifically, flaws such as his vivid imagination and his self over-idealization are brought to the surface by Iago, which consequentlyRead MoreWhat Are The Similarities Between Macbeth And Othello1267 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare is the playwright in which the works of Macbeth and Othello are written . These works are both written in Shakespeares signature style of tragedy where a character experiences a reversal of fortune at the hands of their own actions. A true tragic hero is a character who is admired while being flawed; has both good and evil characteristics; experiences a hamartia, a moral mistake or ignorant error; is given an opportunity for redem ption yet continues refusing; experiences the reversal of fortuneRead More Shakespeare - Tragic Heros Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesguilty of harboring many flaws, like Othello. Among Othello’s wrongs are gullibility and stupidity. In either case, the character never realizes ones flaws until act five, however, by that time it is too late (Desjardens). amp;#9;While the tragic flaw is the key element in a tragedy, the tragic hero’s social status is also of high importance. All tragic heroes are from a very noble class. Whether the heroes are Thanes or Generals in the army, like Macbeth, Othello, and Antony, or from royalty, likeRead MoreEssay about Redemption and Damnation in Measure for Measure and Othello2596 Words   |  11 PagesRedemption and Damnation in Measure for Measure and Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚   Measure for Measure and Othello are closely related. There is a thesis-antithesis bond between these two plays. Much more than just sharing a trait or a source, the two constitute a paired study of the processes of redemption and damnation.    Measure for Measure counterbalances Othello. Looking at the text of each play, one finds parallel and contrasting circumstances and characteristics that would incline one to interpretRead MoreRecognition in Tragedy - Othello Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesdegrees of recognition in tragedy. In Othello, recognition is minimal: the protagonist learns what he has done and what he has lost, but learns little or nothing about himself.’’ How far do you agree? – This is a quote that I have adapted into my thesis, taken from ‘’A Book of literary terms’’. Anagnorisis, a Greek word meaning ‘’recognition’’, is described by Aristotle as ‘’a change from ignorance to knowledge’’. I agree with this statement as, in the play Othello, Othello’s character experiencesRead MoreEpic Hero : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1606 Words   |  7 Pagesepic hero as he is born into nobility, but he breaks the mold of an epic hero as he never takes action against Claudius while in Othello, Othello fits the mold of an epic hero as he is a great warrior but he breaks the mold as he ultimately loses in the end. Both Hamlet and Othello fit and break the mold of epic hero traits. When Shakespeare wrote Hamlet and Othello, epic heroes were considered the traditional example of heroes. One characteristic of an epic hero includes being born into nobilityRead MoreDesdemona from Othello Essay example1358 Words   |  6 Pagesfaults of others). Throughout Othello, Desdemona is presented as pure and innocent – in regards to this, Auden’s comment is unusual as Desdemona is seldom criticised; indeed many critics are complementary, giving her titles such as ‘gentle Desdemona’. Desdemona is a victim of both Othello’s jealousy (the ‘green-eyed monster’) and Iago’s malevolence. However, as a literary construct, she is unable to prevent herself from falling victim to the hamartia of Othello and his hubris, an essentialRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pageswill argue that Othello has the ability to transcend the racial infused â€Å"Moor† stereotype to become an individual with an inherent will to do good deeds and extinguish evil. Critical works from Albert Gerard (1957), Edward Berry (1990), and Martin Orkin (1987) will be cited as evidence for this. Albert Gerard proclaims that Othello’s â€Å"fundamental barbarousnous† is made clear by his â€Å"superficial acceptance of Christianity† which hides his â€Å"fundamental paganism†. He accuses Othello of his lack of

Racial Targeting and Profiling in the United States Essay

Racial Targeting and Profiling in the United States The practice of targeting individuals for police investigation based on their race alone in the last few years has been an increasingly prominent issue in American society. Numerous magazines, newspapers, and journals have explored the issue of race-motivated police actions. Recently, the ABA Journal did a study of New Jersey and Pennsylvania traffic stops from 1998 to 2001, concluding that black drivers were more likely to be pulled over and arrested than whites. The study also delves into the legal ramifications of the 1996 United States Supreme Court ruling in the Whren v. United States case, which held that police officers subjective motivation for stopping a motorist on the†¦show more content†¦There are many different perspectives that people are taking toward the idea of race-motivated police traffic stops. The frequency of traffic stops among college students and whether or not race is a cause in such traffic stops has many other factors that that need to be taken in to consideration, such as gender, age, vehicle, location, and attire. The issue of racial profiling in America is one of great importance to the future of American society. This issue is not new to our society; racism and stereotyping are issues that date back to many years ago. Racial profiling in America is on that needs to be addressed by the government and society if we ever want America to truly be, The Land of The Free. One of the main examples of racial profiling is called DWB (Driving While Black). This is a term starting to show itself a lot in cases of racial profiling. This name is meant to be a shot at he already known DWI (Driving While Intoxicated). In today?fs society, the perception is that most drug traffickers are minorities. This is very untrue. Racial profiling is based on the premise that minorities commit most drug offenses. Because police look for drugs primarily among African Americans and Latinos, they find an uneven number of them actually in possession of contraband. Therefore, these people are arrested, reinforcing the idea that drug trafficking is primarily a Latino or African American thing. At the same time, white drivers receive far less police attention;Show MoreRelated An Argument Against Racial Profiling Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesI dont want to talk about whether or not racial profiling is legal. Racial profiling is not an effective law enforcement tool. -- Eric Ho lder, 82nd Attorney General of the United States Before any argument can be made against racial profiling, it is important to understand what racial profiling is. The American Civil Liberties Union, defines racial profiling as the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individualsRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Necessary Evil1100 Words   |  5 PagesRacial Profiling In order to understand racial profiling, it must first be correctly defined. Although different authors use different criteria for the term racial profiling, the definition for the word racial is â€Å"of, relating to, or based on a race The definition the dictionary puts forth for profiling is â€Å"the act of suspecting or targeting a person solely on the basis of observed characteristics or behavior.† Based on these definitions, racial profiling could be defined for criminal justice purposesRead MoreRacial Profiling1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction What is racial profiling? The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defines racial profiling as â€Å"the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin† (2005). Do not confuse racial profiling with criminal profiling; criminal profiling is usually practiced by police in which they use a group of characteristics that are associated with crime to target individualsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1046 Words   |  5 PagesU.S that I will be discussing is racial profiling. Racial profiling has been a method that polices use to target suspicious individuals based on the stereotypes of their race, and I believe it is an immoral tactic. I never knew what racial profiling was until I was a senior year in high school and learned how injustice it was. I was disappointed I was not aware of this procedure, because this violates an individualâ €™s physical appearance, and in the United States everyone is supposed to accept oneRead MoreRacial Profiling And The War On Terrorism1341 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling applied in the War on Terrorism Ian J Watterson HSM 311: Ethics Homeland Security Instructor: Christina Spoons July 13th, 2017 Racial profiling is a futile method in preventing domestic and international terrorism. But regardless of this fact, the United States has attempted to employ this technique in its counter-terror and espionage efforts dating back as early as World War II. And as long as this has been present in has been a point of contention and discussionRead MoreWhat Does It Work?870 Words   |  4 PagesDoes it Work? Supporters of racial profiling could argue that using this technique benefits police to target criminals as well as making more arrest (Thomsen, 2011, p. 99). According to Reddick (2004) there is evidence that supports that if the United States allowed the Federal Bureau of Investigation to use profiling on the twentieth hijacker then the events that occurred on September 11 could have been avoided (p. 155). However, many critics state that law enforcements are infringing on the constitutionalRead MoreEssay on Racial Profiling1047 Words   |  5 PagesHypothesis/Outline Hypothesis: The events of September 11th has caused racial profiling, a practice that was vilified by many just months ago, to become a common and accepted practice used by the government, airline officials, police agencies, and the American public. Profiling has also become a necessary tool used to prevent further terrorist attacks on the United States. Map of the Territory: I. Racial profiling is the practice of selecting someone for investigation or stronger actionRead MoreThe Devastaing Effects of Racial Profiling1064 Words   |  5 Pageswhile driving, shopping or while just walking in a particular neighborhood? Personally I have never been a victim of racial profiling, but I will be 16-years old this summer and able to drive to school, to a friends house or to shop at the mall. I realize that it is a possibility that I could be racially profiled at some point. There have been recent incidents that made racial profiling a very controversial issue. On February 26, 2012 in Sanford, Florida, Trayvon Martin, an unarmed, 17-year old African-AmericanRead MoreThe Profiling Of The United States1190 Words   |  5 PagesIslamophobic Profiling Legendary boxer and famous figure for the Muslim community, Muhammad Ali once said: â€Å"The word Islam means peace. The word Muslim means one who surrenders to God. But the press makes us seem like haters.† As Ali points out the United States public today has criminalized the religion of Islam and this has caused discrimination on the structural level. Citizens in the United States expect that they are not subject to marginalization and be treated equally. InsteadRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling848 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing drugs or committing theft to obtain expensive items they have legally purchased. Unfair racial profiling, by police officers, that Police departments condone and feel are necessary to identify criminals and criminal activity before it occurs and causes harm to others. Assumptions that have for â€Å"Three hundred years† from Slave Patrols, Black Codes, Jim Crow, Convict Leasing and Racial Profiling that violate a personsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ â€Å"14th Amendment rights of â€Å"equal protection under the law.† As the 14th

Leadership Model to Effectively Lead and Manage People

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Model to Effectively Lead and Manage People. Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to the act of influencing other people to work towards a defined objective and guide the entire institution in a way that makes it more coherent and cohesive. Therefore, leadership models are the strategies and styles that are employed by leaders to approach their duties which include; implementing plans, directing, motivating other team members, and inspiring people. My personal leadership model would mostly work towards strengthening teamwork, advocating for respect and active participation. It would mostly focus on encouraging and improving the inputs of the people I lead, however, I would take the lead role in conducting the final leadership requirements like making decisions. My leadership model additionally ensures that the morale of the individuals I work with is boosted, at the same time making them feel important to the course (Sethuraman Suresh 2014, p.165). This particular leadership model is very critical when trying to introduce certain changes within the team since all the group members are involved in the main processes. Some of the main issues that would be addressed by my leadership model include; Developing ideas and creativity in my followers. Getting the best out of every individual that participates in the team I manage and lead. Matching the model with engagement and empowerment procedures within the institution. Building a feeling of dedication and showing that expertise and skills exhibited by the members are highly appreciated and valued. Making sufficient time to select crucial decisions which require everyones presence and contributions. Guaranteeing effectiveness with well-informed and qualified team members in cases where they may be knowledgeable. The Main Organizing Idea in My Leadership Model Even though leadership can be learned, some of the most powerful knowledge and skills attributed to leaders can be influenced by factors such as character, ethics, values and beliefs. A leaders skills and know-how directly add to the leadership process, on the other hand, other attributes, or individual characteristics can make a leader stand out from the rest. The main organizing idea in my model is traits; personal characters are essential elements of leadership (Rogers 2012, p.47). For instance, several leaders may learn the skills and techniques required in professional counseling. Nevertheless, the individual traits dominant in these leaders will significantly affect the counseling process and the outcomes. Leaders who demonstrate empathy are more equipped to conduct effective counseling which is more likely to help the individual to whom they offer this service. People often have a desire to be directed by respectful and visionary leaders (Sardana Kumar 2016, p.63). Moreover, to gain respect, leaders must be guided by the moral codes of ethics and demonstrate a sound and clear vision of the future. Personal traits are mostly applied by others to enable them to decide if they can respect their leaders since these qualities allow people to know who we are when not governed by academic qualifications and professional expectations. Also, personal traits enable individuals to determine if a leader is trustworthy, selfless, and honorable. Therefore, traits are very effective in showing the outside world if a manager is honestly responsible and committed, or if they perform their duties only for professional, financial, and reputational gains (Marques 2007, p.263). Critical Tasks, Skills, and Traits of an Effective Leader Some of the primary duties of a leader include; motivating the followers, directing material procedures, making decisions and implementing plans. The leader should be trustworthy, ethical, and confident when carrying out his or her duties and responsibilities. Additionally, an effective leader must exhibit standard communication skills, problem-solving skills, listening skills, and decision-making skills. These vital skills are imperative since they enable smooth and clear communication within the organization and enable the leader settle various disputes which may compromise employee satisfaction and productivity. Some of the most important leadership traits include; keenness, persistence, understanding, charismatic, optimistic, goal-oriented, and hardworking (Hill Lineback 2011, p.150). Core Values of Participative Leadership Model Some of the most fundamental values of my leadership model include; building trust, good listening, sharing information, being accessible, and communicating authenticity. Creating and maintaining trusting relationships ensures that values, concerns, and interests are generously shared for improvements (Weinzetl 2010, p.25). Secondly, listening means that a leader must always give the followers adequate time to express their ideas and concerns. Good listening skills enable the leader to gain respect and attention from the members. More importantly, the leader can gather additional valuable information that may help him or her bring more developments within the organization Sharing information is a significant value which leaders must embrace as it helps the followers and even the senior people see, understand and comment on the big picture. Consequently, it shows accountability and trust which is very necessary for adequately running everyday processes even in the absence of the leader (Vidic Burton 2011, p.280). Being accessible to the group participants is also essential. Accessibility ensures that the leaders have adequate time to empower their followers and ultimately boosts transparency. Leaders can be available by regularly responding to emails and phone calls, holding regular formal and informal meetings, and frequently engaging in friendly discussions with the team members. Finally, communicating authenticity ensures that a good leader is capable of reflecting the reality in the manners and words of each team member. Moreover, it enables a leader to communicate with the necessary authority they have been accorded (Gu nzel-Jensen Kjeldsen, 2016). Significance of the Leadership Model to the Existing Group Relationship This leadership model will improve consistency and trust within the group. This is because every member of the group feels accepted, appreciated, and involved in the main processes that are undertaken by the team. The leader in this kind of model includes different individuals in decision-making processes to determine the best solutions for various concerns. The leader, therefore, makes maximum use of the expertise and skills of several followers and makes the final decision on what is beneficial to the organization or what is not. Applying this leadership model is mutually beneficial as it makes both the leader and the followers more efficient and effective (Garrison 2013, p.16). Culture of the Organization that Would Exist With the introduction of this leadership model, a culture of organizational socialization, team-work, and collaboration would be nurtured and maintained. The model of leadership ensures that everyone is involved and their contributions highly valued hence developing respect and team-work. Moreover, consultation will be encouraged since the leader can get information from other empowered members of the group. Finally, efficient communication channels, decision-making processes, and problem-solving skills will be reinforced and maintained. Due to these attributes, the organization will most probably achieve success and meet their goals and objectives (Freedman, 2012). Aims and Objectives of the Leadership Model The primary goal of this particular leadership model is to increase collaboration and cohesion within an organization. This model plays a very fundamental role in ensuring satisfaction among the team members, since it enhances a sense of involvement, control and autonomy. Additionally, the model ensures the development of great creative solutions due to the participation of members in the vital processes. Moreover, the model puts emphasize on providing a timely and efficient delivery of solutions to complex issues. With this model, the leaders can employ a consensus of ideas and opinions to ensure smooth running of duties. Importantly, this participative leadership model aims at encouraging innovativeness which is supported by every member of the team (English 2006, p.465). Reasons for Selecting this Particular Leadership Model This particular leadership model is very different from the others since it enhances feeling of control, participation, and autonomy. Unlike the others, this design creates unity between the leaders and the followers, since every contribution is highly welcome and appreciated. The main reason for selecting this particular model is because it encourages a consistent review of solutions offered by every member of the team. The team's members are regularly involved hence enabling the leaders to develop and tolerate effective procedures that are in line with the goals of the organization. Additionally, the participative leadership model comes in handy in nurturing individuals who aspire to work in bigger groups, since their communication skills and degree of cooperation with others is vital. Also, this model nurtures honesty, support, trust, and collaboration among team members (Bass Bass 2009, p.1056). Applying My Leadership Model I will personally use my leadership model by basing it upon the foundations of social equality and democracy. To do this, reducing the power differences between a leader and the followers will prove very crucial. As a leader, I would welcome ideas, comments, and opinions from my followers and also involve them in evaluating their contributions. Moreover, I would encourage ideas, comments, and views which I would apply in the creation of goals and visions. Also, I would recognize and award peoples abilities and ideas with the aim of motivating and increasing commitment to the institution. Conclusion A participative leadership model involves the use of open strategy in management. Notwithstanding its participative nature between the leaders and the followers, this model contents with the idea of giving the leader the right to make the final decision. Essentially, the leadership model encourages unity and further appreciates the engagement and participation of all the members involved. Bibliography Bass, B.M. and Bass, R., 2009.The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster. English, F.W., 2006. The unintended consequences of a standardized knowledge base in advancing educational leadership preparation.Educational administration quarterly,42(3), pp.461-472.. Freedman, J., 2012. Being a leader. New York: Rosen Pub. Garrison, J., 2013.Characteristics of an Effective District Leader. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway, PO Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Gnzel-Jensen, F., Jain, A.K. and Kjeldsen, A.M., 2016. Distributed leadership in health care: The role of formal leadership styles and organizational efficacy.Leadership, p.1742715016646441.. Hill, L.A. and Lineback, K., 2011.Being the boss: The 3 imperatives for becoming a great leader. Harvard Business Press.. Marques, J., 2007.The awakened leader: One simple leadership style that works every time, everywhere. Personhood Press.. Rogers, R., 2012. Leadership communication styles: a descriptive analysis of health care professionals. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, p.47. Sardana, J. and Kumar, M.S., 2016. Role of Knowledge Management in building up effective Leadership Styles: A Study of Modi Continental Tyres Pvt. Ltd.Adhyayan, p.63. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J., 2014. Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), p.165.. Vidic, Z. and Burton, D., 2011. Developing effective leaders: Motivational correlates of leadership styles.Journal of applied sport psychology,23(3), pp.277-291.. Weinzetl, M.P., 2010.Acting out: Outlining specific behaviors and actions for effective leadership. Charles C Thomas Publisher...

North Koreas and the United Statess International Relations

Table of Contents Executive Summary Context and Importance of the problem Critique of the policy Policy recommendations Executive Summary North Korea is a sovereign country which should be respected by all nations in the world. North Korea’s good relationship with the United States has long been withstanding until the early1990s when the country expanded its nuclear program and the U.S considered bombing the facilities jeopardizing any good relationship that existed between them. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North Korea’s and the United States’s International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between the two countries seemed to have found a common ground when Jimmy Carter negotiated peace between the two sides resulting to an Agreed Framework that required North Korea to trade off its nuclear program in exchange of fuel shipments from the U.S. The agreed fra mework did not bring the peace that was intended for but instead averted war and since then, the U.S has continued to criticize the country’s sale of advanced nuclear technology to other countries remains a subject for discussions. It was later discovered that North Korea was harboring an underground nuclear facility contrary to the Agreed Framework Agreement. Both the United States and North Korea are to be blamed for the torn relationships between, and if they both play the supremacy cards, the relationship between the two powers will be antagonistic. Research reveals that the U.S never delivered the promised heavy fuel oil in exchange for freezing the nuclear power house and also failed to lift its economic sanctions. There are two United states government policies that supports the relationship between the two countries. One is the Clinton administration and CIA and pentagon policies. The Clinton policies limited the U.S engagement in North Korea affairs and sought to an alyze the relationship between the two countries while the CIA opposed the arrangements. Since the U.S policies towards North Korea proved impractical, the policy makers in the U.S should address a wide range of bilateral agreements that will strengthen North Korea’s siege mentality. Context and Importance of the problem By understanding the extend to which North Korean leaders regard changes in relation to relationship with the outside world will help us understand why restoring peace between the country and the United States proves challenging. North Korea over the past decades has endured dilemma on how it interacts with the outside world in relation to resistance to principles of monitoring, conditionality to be paid in terms of relationship with international cooperation, transparency and reciprocity. Its therefore important to note that North Korea’s interaction and conformity to internal rules may prove challenging in resolving the fundamental dilemmas posed by the Western countries, precisely the U.S due to the inherent danger that it may carry for survival of its ruling class. The paper will therefore review challenges North Korea faces in managing its nuclear weapons, transparency issues, economic reforms and the looming food crisis. Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All these issues are considered as threats to the survival of North Korea’s leadership and its relationship with international communities. Rather than placing all the blame to the North Korea leadership, it’s important to look at what the U.S can do to restore the relations and the country’s sovereignty that permits the launch of satellite and nuclear proliferation. North Korea over the years has retained several patterns of interactions with international communities as derived fro its philosophical approach that considers it history rathe r dwelling on the periphery. DPRK themes seem impractical even though they have never been practices since their implementations. Theme seeks its own interest without considering the international consideration which they consider to reinforce legacy of the country’s regime. The U.S should therefore consider adapting to the North Korean rules without having to impose their own measures that would jeopardize the country’s sovereignty. A comprehensive agreement package that seeks to honor both countries commitment to end the stale relationships that have existed between them should be implemented. First, the U.S administration should first try and normalize the relationship between the two countries in terms of economic and security relations. Secondly, humanitarian aid should be send to North Korea to end the agricultural problems that have existed in the country for decades. Thirdly, the United States should consider lifting economic sanctions promised in the Agreem ent Framework and emphasize on restricting the country’s missile tests while at the same time permitting satellite technology development. North Korea has already offered a negotiable ground by agreeing to stop nuclear weapon exports in exchange for cash and the U.S should therefore try to meet them halfway by working with other countries to reduce militants and restore confidence and peace among the surrounding regions (Jonathan 54). The relationship had deteriorated due to claimed abduction of their citizens. Seoul was also one of the nations with whom our relationship was bad, due to the government of Lee Myung-bank. Economic ties with these various nations had deteriorated and the talks could not have succeeded because, they wanted us to fail our endeavors to use our resources effectively. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North Korea’s and the United States’s International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Many may think we are arming to fight them and with the nuclear weapons, we threaten other countries to our advantage. The launch of the April 2009 missile has led to a lot of criticism by various parties including the United Nations. This interference of our state is a bad blood between Korea and America. We, as a republic are just asking for consideration that we think is necessary and our right to our sovereignty. The Bush administration was not willing to negotiate with us on how to go about this process. The only had these constant threats to us and even were willing to launch an attack on us and that was unacceptable. They attacked Iraq and therefore we should, if they think we are a country that cannot implement its wishes, then they are very wrong. The international Atomic Energy Agency search of nuclear in man countries is also not necessary in our country. The non-proliferation treaty is also a treaty made in favor of some countries and, shou ld be checked and corrected to suit everybody in the entire world (Jonathan 160). The North Korean policy of the nuclear weapons has a lot of implications in our own mode of set up. As we know, North Korea must rely on the international support for development and for its people to survive properly. America is a superpower and it’s very influential in all aspects of the world’s policies therefore; we have to consider our policies towards America. President Obama is a diplomat and will always listen to us and bilateral talks with him will uphold that sense of dignity in us. Frankly, North Korea has a bad economy and society. As you are well aware of it, many citizens here depend on marketalization from below; barter trade, private economic exchange and some related activities unhandled by the state. Even with emphasis of industrial development and other economic activities, U.S remains an economically strong country and by 2012 North Korea will still be undeveloped. O ur nuclear proliferations are also keeping our neighbors in fear and thus, regional trade remains an issue. China is an emerging superpower, and North Korea as a neighboring country should consider involvement of more trade activities as its history requires it to be. BarrackAdvertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Obama is also considering a number of options in including Asia in trade activities. Recently, he visited Asia on APEC meeting and they discussed a lot of trade and issue of global climate changes. These are some of the things that North Korea needs by now and without the support of the American, we will remain backwards forever. Change of polices towards international relationships is something that is inevitable if we want to develop. This policy of nuclear weapons in our midst could also lead to an attack upon our territory by more than one nation. The leniency with Obama should be an advantage to us. Money, food and other development items should be acquired from other nations so as to stabilize our country before we get to process the weapons Critique of the policy North Korea as a county has various options to undertake and live peacefully with other nations. Some of these issues include honoring of the NPT and adhering to the policies of the United Nations Security Council. This will ensure that affairs of North Korea are not interfered with. Development of other areas of the country will occur. This will lead to proper international relationships and trade within the Asian regions will be improved, positive implications on a country’s development (Victor 124). Another option is the all inclusive dialogue between the involved parties or bilateral talks with the United States. This will ensure that trust among the nations is back to us and many will be willing to work with North Korea. In these talks, you as the president should raise the issue you have with the United States and give justifiable reasons for your actions. Mostly, regarding the weapons you should ask for rewritten agreement as it was done with India. Then, ask America to honor your ambitions an show just enough to them that you abide by the rules of non-aggression even if you get the weapons. Since you need United States for the development purposes, respect them and use Presiden t Obama to have your ambitions achieved. President Obama does not want to be involved in any war and therefore, his leniency can offer you an advantage as you can talk to him. These will ensure there are no sanctions on your country and, other systems of the government will be running accordingly. These are some of the options that are needed so that you do not fail in your ambitions and other sectors of the government. Let your country emerge as powerful nation with the help America because, if you make America your enemy you will not succeed. The proposal system of not respecting the treaties and arrogance towards the United Nations will cost us a lot. America is going to recommend various economic sanctions, and this will have major impact in our economy. Other nations will be urged not to relate with us, especially from our region since most of our neighbors are friends of the United States. Trade in our region will be a failure and our people will live in poverty. Furthermore , capitalism is the essence in the world and those countries that have embraced it have developed, and we need to have money to have this country develop. Most of our international polices will become a failure to us if we do not take care. North Korea has always been an antagonistic of the United States since the era of Clinton after the cold war. These have always worked against us because, in terms of development America has grown, but we have continued to suffer economically. The current proposal is certainly failing because, we have never moved ahead into making these weapons since we decided to go ahead with our mission. It is true that we have had several missile tests but, we are very far from accomplishing our dream. Every time we are doing it, there is interference from other countries led by America. We must change for the better, and make the relationship with other countries especially the United States better for us to develop Mazarr 78). Obama administration has impl emented new policy that pledged to work with North Korea in achieving denuclearization of clear weapons in the country through the Six-Party Process. This policy will give countries right to harbor peaceful nuclear energy and those who continue to oppose international obligations will not be receive any economic or political favor with the country in future. Obama is willing to listen to us, give him a chance and we can strive a deal and our relationships will improve and retrieve benefits at the end. The way this country handles the situation now, should a least give a chance to President Obama. He is not the same as President Bush who could not think of anything but war. The president of United States is lenient on international polices and I hope you as the president of this nation will consider that chance. The policies of North Korea may seem biased but, as your advisor I support you fully. Nuclear proliferation is something the country cannot run away from. In some years to c ome, many countries with be advancing and arming will be done in order to cope with threats like terrorism. As the president of this nation, you should consider various issues like the agreement between India and the United States on the proliferation treaty. These are some of the misunderstandings North Korea has with the United States. As your political advisor, I have shed some light on these issues and their pros and cons. The policies you uphold against the United States are good but, they will make the country poorer. With these chances, you should first improve the livelihoods of the people of North Korea but, do not erode the aim if nuclear weapon proliferation. Since development of your country will highly depend on other countries good relationships, United States will help you achieve that. President Obama can agree on a deal that will not require full denuclearization but, simply the reduction of nuclear arming. These will help you grow as a nation economically and als o be armed. China as an emerging superpower should also be considered in the country’s change of policies. If, as the President you find it difficult to work with the United States be a closer friend to China and she will help in mending the relationship with the United States. Policy recommendations According to the issues at hand, various practical steps should be taken to save this deteriorating relationship with the United States. North Korea should make move towards a round table talk with China regarding the nuclear proliferation and convince them of the threat they pose to America as an emerging super power. This will obviously encourage China to facilitate a dialogue with the United States, and also be in full support of your country’s ambitions. North Korea should also resume the Six-Party talks and allow the other nations to listen to her views on this issue. Since the United States is the most influential state in the world, bilateral talks should be encou raged to foster the two countries personal relationships. I am always emphasizing on the leniency of President Obama as an advantage to you whereby, the country can reach an agreement on partial denuclearization (Victor 123). Internal policies in North Korea have not argued well with the issue affecting the nation. Economically, the country is not doing that well and since we are enemies with many nations we will not develop. Poor infrastructure, failed agriculture and lack of proper trade should be our priorities for now. These are the only things that will ensure growth of our nation and also the ambition of proper utilization of resources like uranium will come into force. United States sees North Korea as a failed State that is why it is interfering in our aim of having these weapons. This economic status should leas us into weighing our options against the United States. Whether as country decide to ignore this relationship, suffering will still continue in our nation. Anothe r step taken by North Korea is that of non-proliferation issue although talks are underway to renegotiate the arrangements. The renegotiated treat should also consider Pakistan and India as they are also suspected to be harboring these dangerous weapons. If these issues are not dealt in efficiently, these countries could the same as Islamabad. Weapon proliferation has made neighboring countries to be hostile to the two countries due to the testing of missile whenever the country feels appropriate. If they continue weapon testing, controversies will be steamed all over the world. Research reveals neighboring countries in North Korea are also concerned with the country’s weapons which may subsequently lead to humanitarian crisis among nations. If the U.S decides to attack us, there are many routes to penetrate our country because countries like South Korea will assist them. Many of the North Korea citizens will die and suffer because most of our neighbors may close the border s. America may also succeed in ousting you as the president, as they did with Sadam Hussein and Osama therefore, I think these policies of the United States should be urgently considered. This will also be for the sake of the country and its people (Jonathan 157). United States has closed any relations especially the normal trade relations, and the manufactured goods from our country while entering the United States markets. These have impacted negatively in our markets and have led to low income. United States is a country that will always be important to us economically, and with our policies of ignorance towards them to we are not going to succeeded. North Korea should also try to honor the Agreed Framework between them and the United States as the country promises to lift sanctions implanted on them. Companies and banks are all willing to invest in North Korea if sanctions are lifted, and this can only be achieved by improving this relationship. I know many factors that have l ed to the power relationship but things like Korea war should be forgotten. Kim Dae Jung’s sunshine policy is important in issue in the normalization of relations between US and North Korea. Japan also, is willing to fund North Korea and usher in a new era of regional cooperation. These are issues that North Korea should consider before deciding to deteriorate its relationship with United States. With the considerable actions, an impact will surely be observed in North Korea. I am not suggesting that North Korea should submissive to America but, with good relation agreements in place, nuclear powers will never be used by the country since it means the economic sanction and the money for its economic development. Since the United States and North Korea are constantly fighting on super power supremacy, both countries should consider how such implications would have on humanitarian conditions such as food, life and the economic welfare more that is powers would. The United Sta tes should try and relaxed their policy rules and try to commit to them to achieve their goals in restoring peace between the two countries and the neighboring countries. This essay on North Korea’s and the United States’s International Relations was written and submitted by user Loki to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Alexander II, Russias Reformist Tsar

Biography of Alexander II, Russia's Reformist Tsar Alexander II (born Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov; April 29, 1818 – March 13, 1881) was a nineteenth-century Russian emperor. Under his rule, Russia moved towards reform, most notably in the abolition of serfdom. However, his assassination cut these efforts short. Fast Facts: Alexander II Full Name:  Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov Occupation: Emperor of RussiaBorn: April 29, 1818 in Moscow, RussiaDied: March 13, 1881 in Saint Petersburg, RussiaKey Accomplishments: Alexander II earned a reputation for reform and a willingness to bring Russia into the modern world. His greatest legacy was the freeing of Russian serfs in 1861.Quote: The vote, in the hands of an ignorant man, without either property or self respect, will be used to the damage of the people at large; for the rich man, without honor or any kind of patriotism, will purchase it, and with it swamp the rights of a free people.† Early Life Alexander was born in Moscow in 1818 as the first son and heir of Tsar Nicholas I and his wife Charlotte, a Prussian princess. His parents’ marriage was, luckily (and somewhat unusually) for a purely political union, a happy one, and Alexander had six siblings who survived childhood. From birth, Alexander was given the title of Tsesarevich, which was traditionally given to the heir to the Russian throne. (The similar-sounding title tsarevich applied to any sons of a tsar, including non-Russians, and ceased being used by Romanov rulers in 1797). The upbringing and early education of Alexander was not one that seemed conducive to create a great reformer. Indeed, the opposite, if anything, was true. At the time, the court and political atmosphere was intensely conservative under his father’s authoritarian rule. Dissent from any corner, regardless of rank, was severely punishable. Even Alexander, who was the darling of his family and of all Russia, would have had to be careful. Nicholas, however, was nothing if not practical in the upbringing of his successor. He had suffered from a dull, frustrating education as a â€Å"spare† to the throne (his immediate predecessor was not his father, but rather his brother Alexander I) that had left him without any desire to take up the title. He was determined to not let his son suffer the same fate and provided him with tutors that included reformer Mikhail Speransky and romantic poet Vasily Zhukovsky, plus a military instructor, General Karl Merder. This combination led to Alexander being well-prepared and more liberal than his father. At the age of sixteen, Nicholas created a ceremony in which Alexander formally swore allegiance to the autocracy as the successor. Marriage and Early Reign While on tour in Western Europe in 1839, Alexander was in search of a royal wife. His parents preferred Princess Alexandrine of Baden and arranged for the twenty-one-year-old tsesarevich to meet her. The meeting was unimpressive, and Alexander declined to pursue the match. He and his entourage made an unplanned stop at the court of the Grand Duke of Hesse, Ludwig II, where he met and became smitten with the duke’s daughter, Marie. Despite some early objections from his mother and a long engagement because of Marie’s youth (she was only fourteen when they met), Alexander and Marie married on April 28, 1841. Although the protocols of court life did not appeal to Marie, the marriage was a happy one, and Alexander leaned on Marie for support and advice. Their first child, the Grand Duchess Alexandra, was born in August 1842, but died of meningitis at the age of six. In September 1843, the couple had their son and Alexander’s heir, Nicholas, followed in 1845 by Alexander (the future Tsar Alexander III), Vladimir in 1847, and Alexei in 1850. Even after Alexander took mistresses, their relationship remained close. Nicholas I died of pneumonia in 1855, and Alexander II succeeded to the throne at the age of 37. His early reign was dominated by the fallout from the Crimean War and cleaning up overwhelming corruption at home. Thanks to his education and personal leanings, he began pushing forward a more reformist, liberal set of policies than the iron-fisted authoritarianism of his predecessors. Reformer and Liberator Alexander’s signature reform was the liberation of the serfs, which he began working towards almost immediately after coming to the throne. In 1858, he toured the country to encourage the nobility – who were reluctant to give up their reliance on serfs – to back the reform. The Emancipation Reform of 1861 formally abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire, giving 22 million serfs the rights of full citizens. His reforms were not limited to this by any means. Alexander ordered the reform of the Russian military, from enforcing conscription for all social classes (not just the peasantry) to improving officer education to creating districts for more efficient administration. An elaborate and detailed bureaucracy worked to reform the judicial system and make the system simpler and more transparent. At the same time, his government created local districts that took on many duties of self-governance. Despite his zeal for reform, Alexander was no democratic ruler. The Moscow Assembly proposed a constitution, and in response, the tsar dissolved the assembly. He fervently believed that diluting the power of the autocracy with representatives of the people would destroy the populace’s quasi-religious view of the tsar as a divinely-ordained, unquestioned ruler. When separatist movements, particularly in Poland and Lithuania, threatened to erupt, he suppressed them harshly, and later in his reign, he began to crack down on liberal teachings at universities. However, he supported efforts in Finland to increase its autonomy. An assassination attempt in April 1866 may have contributed to Alexander’s shift away from his earlier liberal reforms. Assassination and Legacy Alexander was the target of several assassination attempts, including the one in 1866. In April 1879, a would-be assassin named Alexander Soloviev shot at the tsar as he walked; the shooter missed and was sentenced to death. Later that year, other revolutionaries attempted a more elaborate plot, orchestrating a railway explosion – but their information was incorrect and they missed the tsar’s train. In February 1880, the tsar’s enemies came closer than they ever had before to achieving their goal when Stephan Khalturin, from the same radical group that bombed the train, managed to detonate a device in the Winter Palace itself, killing and wounding dozens and causing damage to the palace, but the imperial family was awaiting a late arrival and was not in the dining room. On March 13, 1881, Alexander went, as was his custom, to a military roll call. He rode in a bulletproof carriage gifted to him by Napoleon III, which saved his life during the first attempt: a bomb thrown under the carriage as it passed by. Guards attempted to evacuate Alexander quickly. Another conspirator, a radical revolutionary named Ignacy Hryniewiecki, got close enough to throw a bomb directly at the fleeing emperor’s feet. The bomb horrifically wounded Alexander, as well as others in the vicinity. The dying tsar was brought to the Winter Palace, where he was given his last rites and died minutes later. Alexander left behind a legacy of slow but steady reform and began the modernization of Russia – but his death stopped what would have been one of the biggest reforms: a set of planned changes that Alexander had approved and spoke of as a step towards a true constitution – something Romanov rulers had always resisted. The announcement was set to be made around March 15, 1881. But Alexander’s successor chose instead to retaliate for the assassination with severe setbacks to civil liberties, including arrests of dissenters and anti-Semitic pogroms that would last for the rest of the Romanov era. Sources Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613 – 1918. London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2017.Mosse, W.E. â€Å"Alexander II: Emperor of Russia.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-II-emperor-of-RussiaRadzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. Simon Schuster, 2005.

Afghanistans Economy

Afghanistans Economy Free Online Research Papers There are many concerns that come to mind when discussing the current state of Afghanistan’s economy. Twenty years of war has crippled the economy and citizens must find ways to survive day-by-day by scrounging enough food for themselves and family. Citizens do not have the facilities to receive an education or treatment for medical conditions. According to Afghanistan Facts, on average, men die at forty years of age and women at forty-three (â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†). There are hundreds of thousands people that are disabled due to war, land mines, or lack of fruit and vegetables in Afghanistan and there is not any help available to them. Afghanistan is the most heavily mined country in the world and according to Kevin Whitelaw; mine-related injuries number up to 300 per month (Whitelaw). Citizens that are willing and able to work are struggling to eat, making it impossible to help others in need. The problems that are evident in Afghanistan’s economy are governm ent issues, trade/foreign relations, and lack of available labor. Afghanistan is about 252,000 square miles which is slightly smaller than the state of Texas with a population, according to Kevin Whitelaw, of 25,853,797 people (Whitelaw). Most of the land is either mountainous or desert with a dry climate being very cold in the winter and very hot in the summer. The capital, Kabul, is the most populated city in Afghanistan as stated by Kevin Whitelaw, there are 1,780,000 citizens residing within this area (Whitelaw). More than 4 million Afghans live outside the country residing in Pakistan and Iran to avoid violence. The violence in Afghanistan has hurt their economy and they are only averaging an annual growth rate of 14 percent since 2002. Afghanistan’s economy, with relation to the currency and natural resources, has not been stable throughout its existence. According to Kevin Whitelaw, their GDP is three billion (1991 est.), purchasing parity power (1999 est.) is twenty-one billion, and natural resources include: natural gas, oil, coal, copper, chomite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron, salt, precious, and semiprecious stones (Whitelaw). Agriculture takes up a majority of Afghanistan’s GDP which produces wheat, corn, barley, rice, cotton, fruit, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, and mutton. Their industry is composed of the production of small scale textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement, carpets, natural gas, precious, and semiprecious gemstones. In the 1930’s, the government created banks, introduced paper money, established a university, expanded school systems, and sent students abroad for education. In the 1970’s there was mixed results because of problems with plan ning processes, funding, and a shortage of skilled managers and technicians. The currency currently being used is called the Afghani. There are many problems surrounding this currency due to individual printing in different parts of the country. The Afghani has an inflation rate that fluctuates often. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the market rate during much of 2001 for each currency exceeded 50,000 Afghanis=U.S. $1 (Whitelaw). Afghanistan citizens do not take old currency out of circulation, dating all the way back to 1930, like banks do here in America. There are other foreign currencies often used as legal tender including the Rupee from Pakistan. Due to the Soviet invasion and ongoing civil war the GDP has substantially fallen over the past 20 years because of the loss of labor, capital, and disruption of trade and transport. The idea of new currency that is supported by US$220 million in gold from the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank could diminish warlords’ power in Afghanistan. When the money is destroyed citizens will receive a small number of bills at one time. This will devalue Rabbani’s money and counterfeiters will have a difficult time keeping up with the new designs such as silver tabbed notes. In the past warlords’ were able to simply produce their own money which caused anarchy among the country. This may not stop the counterfeiting but it sure will slow the process down. The only problem with this concept is convincing citizens to put their money in the bank. There are banks available in Kabul that reopened recently. Most Afghans initially hide their money or purchase gold and Rupees, and then hide those items. Another improvement to be made to Afghanistan is the introduction of taxes. Taxation has never been a part of Afghanistan government and will be hard to introduce because of the lack of competent civil service. Afghanistan considers itself as an â€Å"Islamic state.† Its government has been full of corruption and violence since its beginning. It wasn’t until 2001 that an agreement was reached to introduce an interim government that will hopefully flourish into a permanent government. Interim Authority only sustained power for six months and in 2002 decided to develop a structure of Transitional Authority which was later named the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA). TISAs authority was very weak outside of the Capital of Kabul and had difficulties when trying to deliver the social services needed within communities. With much support from the Coalition Afghanistan has secured its borders, which has led to internal order rising. Afghanistan has been training a National Army (ANA) and police officers. This can bring much of the needed order to their country. In the mid 1980s, there was an Afghan resistance movement aided by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and many others that exacted a high price from the Soviets. In 1988 the governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan signed an agreement settling the major differences between Afghanistan and the Soviets which took six years. This agreement was the Geneva Accords which included five major documents and called for the United States and Soviet to not interfere with the internal affairs within Afghanistan and Pakistan, the return of refugees without fear of persecution, and total withdraw of the Soviet from Afghanistan. The casualties of this ongoing war were about 14,500 Soviet and about one million Afghans between the time of 1979 and 1989. The mujahidin opposed the Geneva Accords and as a result the civil war continued within the country. This problem increased when Gen. Abdul Rashid Dostam, a mujahidin, took over Kabul and had control over the central government. Without Soviet oc cupation the inner problems which include ethnic, clan, religious, and personality differences, exploded in Afghanistan. Heavy fighting broke out in Kabul when those who were loyal to President Rabbani opposed those who were loyal to Gulbuddin. When Rabbani stayed in office he appointed Hekmatyar as Prime Minister, which ended up not being very successful. The Jalalabad Accord was implemented which called for militias’ to be disarmed but of course was not strictly enforced. In 1994, Dostam switched sides and caused many casualties within Kabul and Northern provinces. The fighting led to more displaced people and refugees. This in turn caused more anarchy and warlords’ took power over the entire country. The rise of Taliban is a significant issue in Afghanistan. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the name Talib itself means pupil (Whitelaw). This was a cover for what would turn into one of the biggest terror groups known today. In the beginning this group was designed to remove warlords, provide order, and impose Islam into the country. It was highly supported by Pakistan, who was in hopes of peace in Afghanistan. In 1994 the Taliban was able to overthrow the city of Kandahar from local warlords’ and increased control throughout Afghanistan. According to Whitelaw, by the end of 1998, the Taliban occupied about 90% of the country, limiting the opposition largely to a small largely Tajik corner in the northeast and the Panjshir valley (Whitelaw). The Taliban’s’ initiation of the extreme interpretation of Islam in Afghanistan created more problems on top of all the others. The problems included human rights violations especially against women and girls. Women were not all owed to work outside the home or pursue an education. Women are required to wear a burka and are not allowed to leave their home without a male relative. The Taliban proceeded to destroy anything that represented Afghanistan’s’ pre-Islamic past, even destructing statues of Buddha. The Taliban took it’s turn for the worse when they adopted Osama Bin Laden, who provided a base for terrorist organization, into the group. Bin Laden was powerful in that he provided financial and political support to the group to increase their presence in Afghanistan. Bin Laden and his Al Qaeda group were responsible for numerous bombings including that of the U.S. embassies in Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam and the September 11th attacks on the Twin Towers. The Taliban refused to get rid of Bin Laden and his group which led to the United States and its partners to enact a campaign to target terrorist facilities, the Taliban’s military and political assets. The United States Air F orce went forward and bombed terrorist’s camps on 2001. After this occurred the Taliban disintegrated and Kabul fell. Afghans that opposed the Taliban met and agreed on a political process to restore stability and governance. They came up with TISA which has the primary function of writing a constitution and to hold elections. Afghanistan’s main exports are natural gas and dried out fruit. Their other exports include carpets, fresh fruit, wool, and cotton. Afghanistan imports food, motor vehicles, petroleum products, and textiles. Most of the foreign trade is controlled by the government or government-controlled monopolies. Trade only accounts for a small portion of the Afghanistan’s’ economy. According to â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†, the leading purchasers of Afghan products, in addition to the USSR and the former Soviet republics, have been Pakistan, Great Britain, Germany, and India (â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†). Afghanistan does not trade with the United States often. In the 1970s the Soviets estimated that, according to Kevin Whitelaw, Afghanistan had as much as five trillion cubic feet of natural gas, 95 million barrels of oil and condensate reserves, and over 400 million tons in coal (Whitelaw). The conflicting issues, rough terrain, and inadequate transportation make th e mining of these resources very difficult. Trade in goods that were smuggled into Pakistan was a major source of revenue for Afghan regimes and is very important to the economy. Many of the goods were originated in Pakistan which made goods free of duty. Pakistan, in 2000, tightened the regulations on what would be allowed to be traded with no duty. This ended up providing jobs to Afghans on both sides of the Durand Line . There a significant problems with transportation in Afghanistan. They do not have any functioning railways which makes it difficult to get around. There is a river however that allows barge traffic along the borders of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. There are busses and trucks that provide public transportation, but only offer a small space for multiple passengers. There is one major highway that goes along the main cities but is in much need for reconstruction. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the poor state of the Afghan transportation and communication networks has further fragmented and hobbles the struggling economy (Whitelaw). There are only 48 airports in Afghanistan in which only half have paved runways. Camels and other pack animals are used frequently for delivering goods. The energy used in Afghanistan mostly comes from firewood and the rest comes from gas, oil, and hydroelectricity. There dams stationed in four cities that are also used to store water for irrigatio n. The Afghanistan economy is very much centered around agriculture, even though only 12% of its total land is arable and less than 6% is currently is cultivated. The agricultural production process is often hindered by erratic winter snows and spring rains for water. The agriculture production took a significant hit when there was a three year drought, as well as the continued fighting inside of the country. According to Kevin Whitelaw, recent studies indicate that agricultural production and livestock numbers are only sufficient to feed about half of Afghanistan’s population (Whitelaw). Shortages are heavily due to transportation, lack of government, and war. Opium is prevalent in Afghanistan, and the Taliban earned about forty million dollars a year for exporting. Afghanistan was the world’s largest producer of raw opium which is easy to cultivate and transport. Opium is refined into heroin and distributed to addicts all over. TISA wants to eliminate the narcotics e conomy that is flourishing. The labor force is another issue causing difficulties in Afghanistan. Over the centuries, citizens have been able to adapt to these conditions by farming or herding. Citizens are struggling to feed their families and these trades are limited in respect to ecological, economic, and political factors. According to William Byrd and John Wall, in 1993 the total labor force was estimated to be about 6.6 million (Byrd and Wall). Widespread unemployment and a lack of skilled workers and administrators are the most important problems facing Afghanistan’s economy. There have been numerous attempts to reform Afghanistan into a stable country but it seems that it will take more time. To bring in more foreign currency the government would like to ensure enough stability for tourism business. The roads are full of potholes, boulders, and bandits that make it scary for people to want to travel there. The government is also putting money into restoring ancient Muslim religious shrines to attract tourists. This is a small step into recovering Afghanistan’s economy and much more is needed. To avoid going back into warfare Afghanistan will need about US$20 billion in aid for the next five years. According to William Byrd and John Wall, the economic recovery was concentrated in areas of the country taken over relatively early by the Taliban (who now control about 90% of the country); they removed barriers to trade and restored a certain degree of order (Byrd and Wall). With so many problems occurring in Afghanistan it is almost impossible to get them on the right track. The attempts to structure a functional government date all the way back to the 1930s. People thought that the problem was with the Soviet presence in Afghanistan, but after they left the country it has been on a downward spiral. The only hope of developing a structured economy in Afghanistan would be to incorporate a government that will last, help the labor force, and construct a developed trade relations agreement. Stopping the conflict in this country has proved to be difficult, but one must continue to try to fix the problem because problems do not fix themselves. : â€Å"Afghanistan Facts.† Afghanistan’s Web Site. 2009. Afghanistan. 5 Nov. 2009 â€Å"Afghanistan Government.† Afghanistan Journey to the land of Afghans. 2009. SAARC Tourism. 6 Nov. 2009 Byrd, William and Wall, John. â€Å"Brief Overview of Afghanistan’s Economy.† 5 Oct. 2001. Mafhoum. 6 Nov. 2009 â€Å"Burka† 2009. Dictionary.com. 6 Nov. 2009 Hubbard, Glenn and O’Brien Anthony. Macroeconomics. New York: Prentice Hall, 2009. â€Å"The Texas Almanac.† Texas’ Natural Environment. 2009. The Texas State Historical Association. 6 Nov. 2009 Whitelaw, Kevin A Mixed Report in Afghanistan. U.S. News World Report 142.18 (2007): 30. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. Research Papers on Afghanistan's EconomyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaResearch Process Part One

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Case Study Example These two methods will be combined to check which one is feasible for the project to be implemented. The scrutinizing of the project will be carried out in three stages. Most of the employees in the aquarium have a science background. They are not aware of the profit making or the marketing objectives of the management. Therefore, they need to be issued a directive to make them understand about the objective of the aquarium. In the selection of the products or services that put in to sustainable profitability importance should be given in altering the business spotlight of portfolio management from financial metrics to client value. By setting aside the financial data and offering more weight to purchaser value data when making product portfolio choices, corporations can in fact look up financial performance by recognizing products with the prospective to delight clients. When importance is given to the purchaser value the clients are satisfied and they demand the products more. Client value which is defined as the clients insight of how well a solution meets their requirements is the only confirmed route to make profit. The greater the value of the explanation to the purchaser, the more likely the purchaser will purchase it and shell out a premium price for it. And, unlike several financial constraints, client value is based on something genuine, which one can precisely measure to yield reliable outcom es. In the case of the aquarium, a 6X6 matrix has been developed to divide the target audiences for whom the projects would be implemented. Those who are aware about the project and interested and committed towards the project would be given preference. This can be done with the help of the observation of the customers and the visitors. Thus, in this case study, also the senior level management of each SBU is required to focus on customer satisfaction so as to attract more customers and generate more of

Case Study Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions - Case Study Example By so doing, the company has put into use the business warehouse, SAP net waiver, data warehousing solution, SAPs analytical and reporting. In the process, the regional enterprise resource planning system, feed the warehouse with their data. At their point, the data received is the manipulated by formatting and standardizing it for analysis and enterprise-wide reporting. By so doing, the differences in the data over the enterprise is eliminated. To add-on that to better the data loads and increase user adoption and perception, the specialists in the Colgate information systems implemented the SAP Net Weaver BW. Further, the specialists implemented SAP objects of the business web intelligence to develop customized reports. The SAP web intelligence puts in place a strong, instinctive interface. The interface gives opportunities to the involved professionals to enquire spontaneously on their data. Each time a sales report got developed and run, there was a discrepancy and differences in the shipment and the number of the orders made. Again colligate need data that was more usable and viable in decision making. To add on that there was a need for a different business units and managers of the company to work with the same type of data world over. The act will help in the development and making of more relevant decisions. Secondly, the form of the data output for the senior managers from the warehouse is an HTML table that is produced daily. In the table, there are comparison between the operational and financial metrics of the day in relation with that of the past month and quarter in general. The data was not however used well enough by the employees in the decision-making in the bid to make an impact on the business gains. With increased need of more user-friendly data, accessed and timely access of the data, the senior managers together with their casuals, demanded increased access to the warehouse. The main issue was to

SAM 342 UNIT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 342 UNIT 1 - Essay Example They do this through the draft rules, where NBA teams seek amateur college students to join their teams. They are later trained to become professional basketball players. The National Basketball Association is the authority that forms, and enforces these rules. The worst club gets the first choice in picking raw talent. Players pass through rigorous interviews and fitness tests, before admission to a basketball team. Clubs offer huge salaries, allowances and financial endorsements to sustain these players (Chellandurai, 1999). This motivates them, and improves their performance, ensuring loyalty to the club. Footballers such as David Beckham are rich and famous due to the sustainable programs by sports organization. These organizations change the attitudes of their players through the mindset. To enhance good performance, a player needs confidence. Sports and recreational organizations install this virtue through various programs and peer education seminars (Chelladurai, 1999). They hire psychologists to talk to employers, building their confidence level, both at the sports arena, and outside the sports

An x-ray machine

An x-ray machine How does an X-ray machine work? An X-ray machine is essentially a camera instead of visible light, however, it uses X-rays to expose the film. X-rays are like light in that they are electromagnetic waves, but they are more energetic so they can penetrate many materials to varying degrees. When the X-rays hit the film, they expose it just as light would. Since bone, fat, muscle, tumors and other masses all absorb X-rays at different levels, the image on the film lets you see different (distinct) structures inside the body because of the different levels of exposure on the film. Radio waves Radio waves are used for broadcasting radio and TV programmes. The transmitted information may be analogue or digital and uses a radio wave as a carrier. Very long wavelength radio waves can travel around the Earth, diffracting around the Earths surface. Radio waves belong to the lower frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is called non-ionizing radiation. Here the electromagnetic energy is too low to break molecular bonds. Ultraviolet waves Ultraviolet (UV) light has shorter wavelengths than visible light. Scientists have divided the ultraviolet part of the spectrum into three regions: the near ultraviolet, the far ultraviolet, and the extreme ultraviolet. Extreme UV Our Sun emits light at all the different wavelengths in electromagnetic spectrum, but it is ultraviolet waves that are responsible for causing our sunburns. Ultraviolet waves are effective in killing bacteria and viruses. Hospitals use germicidal lamps that produce these waves to sterilize equipment, water and air in operating rooms. Ultraviolet waves are used to identify materials by the glow or fluorescence under them. They are used to make black lights. May food and drug companies use germicidal lamps to disinfect various types of products, and their containers. Gamma Rays Low intensity gamma radiation can damage living cells and cause cancer. High intensity gamma radiation will kill cells. It is used in a technique called radiotherapy to treat cancer by targeting the cancer cells with a beam of radiation and then rotating the source of the beam as shown below. The normal cells receive a lower dose of gamma radiation than the cancer cells, where all the rays meet. Radiotherapy aims to kill the cancer cells while doing as little damage as possible to healthy normal cells. Gamma radiation is used to kill micro organisms, which is called sterilising. It is used to sterilise food Sources used http://www.hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/radiationtypes.html

Environmental Degradation Essay

In 1987 The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) released a pioneering report concerning the environmental damage that is going on. Through the report, called â€Å"Our Common Future†, WCED passed a warning that soon the world would be facing intolerable levels of damage to the environment if we are not going to alter our way of living. It would also lead to the humans suffering due to it. The Commission explained that there is a pressing requirement of changing the speed as well as the trend of international economic growth so that it meets the capacity of the world. It said: â€Å"Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. † (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987: 8) After thoroughly analysing the situation it can be concluded that the environmental crisis has an impact on each of the nation in the world. However, the extent to which they are affected is different and depends on the way they consume and also their economic expansion. Just 25% of the global population consumes a very high percentage of the world’s fossil fuels and chemical goods; as high as 70% and 85% respectively. This unbalanced consumption also exists in the area of water. In the United States the per capita consumption of water goes as high as 2300m3 annually. In Canada the figure is at 1500m3 while in Britain it reaches up to 225m3. On the other hand, the developing countries have a much lower consumption, of between 20 and 40m3. The trends of usage for the forest goods plus several of the other goods comprise of a similar direct proportion to the figure of population of the 20% of the wealthiest communities. Due to such extravagant demands, a great burden is being placed on the national as well as the world’s natural resources. The other societies make up to about 80% of the population, and get less than 20% of the world capital. The consumption of these societies is much more humble. Environmental Challenge Presently, there is not enough attention, at least not in the degree that is required, being paid to the social concerns. Scientists are pointing out to the troubles that we are facing and which would make our survival difficult later on. Such troubles include warming globe, the earth’s ozone layer being depleted, the deserts consuming agricultural land. However, we are not responding to the warning in the appropriate manner; instead we ask them for further details. Initially it was thought that environmental degradation is primarily the concern of the richer countries and happens due to industrial affluence. However, now it is an issue for the developing countries as well. The very poor countries are caught in the descending coil of associated environmental and economic decline. Although there are hopes being expressed at every side, no pattern can be seen nor any kind of campaigns or rules which would console the poor and decrease the increasing gap between rich and poor countries. For the purpose of â€Å"development† we have collected weapons which can divert routes, which had been pursued since millions of years, and can form such a planet that our ancestors may not identify as being theirs. The biodiversity in the European continent is rapidly going down. Although Europe can be termed as wealthy and strong it does not seem that it has the practical ways for avoiding the decline. Birdlife International (Conservative Series 3) conducted a study and the results showed that 40% of the bird species are in an â€Å"unfavourable situation†. Since the past two decades the there has been a â€Å"substantial reduction† in one in four of Europe’s 514 bird species. It is ironic that such occurrences took place in the same years when there were the most conservative efforts made. A re-strengthening of the European legislation has taken place, there are now more nature reserves and parks, and certain species which had disappeared in the area have been reintroduced. Concerning this issue, in 2003 the European Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin said: â€Å"The time has come for coordinated European action to turn the tide on environmental threats†¦ For too long, we have exploited the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas, without considering the eventual consequences of our actions. We must invest in integrated programmes of research to deliver sustainable development solutions and long-term environmental protection for the benefit of our future generations. † (Europa, 2003). In 2008, the European Commissioner for Environment Stavros Dimas publically addressed the audience at Harvard University and talked over this issue. Dimas related what the European Union’s â€Å"ambitious environmental agenda† is. This included targeting 20% decline in the consumption of energy by the year 2020. This was, internationally, the first plus the greatest emissions trading plan. According to Dimas the agenda also targeted at using more and more of sustainable and renewable resources. Along with this Dimas emphasized that it is vital for there to be global collaboration on matters like climate change, biodiversity loss, and deforestation. The western world takes Eastern Europe as the place where there are smog and toxic spills. The priority of the communist regimes had been to intensify industrialization. Even though certain environmental rules exist in many areas and they were similar to those in the Western Europe, these were hardly ever implemented. Polluted rivers, toxic waste dumps, and the terrains and cities being blackened by soot was the consequence. The environmental standards of the European Union are harsh and these have been pushing these nations for the cleaning up of their ecological destruction regions. 15 years of leniency has been given to the states that have recently joined the union. However, this leniency is only for those regions where much investment is required, for example the building of water purification schemes. Several of the areas are already showing the signs of the clean-up attempts. For instance, there is the Black Triangle in Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. This area was once of the most polluted regions globally. It supplied energy to the heating and heavy industries through the power plants which worked on coal. Due to this whole forests were destroyed. However, by 2000 there had been such a significant change due to the efforts that emissions of sulphur dioxide and solid particles were lessened by greater than 90% (Habeck, 2004). Other Challenges At the time when the terms of reference of the Commission were is discussion in 1982, some of the individuals proposed limiting the concerns to only â€Å"environmental matters†. This would not have been feasible. In fact it would be considered a major fault. The environment is not separate from our actions, determinations and requirements, and efforts to save only that and not look at other concerns would make the word â€Å"environment† a nuance of gullibility in certain political spheres. Certain others have restricted the term â€Å"development† to quite an inadequate centre, along the lines of â€Å"what poor countries should do to become richer†. Therefore, those in the global scene mechanically dismiss it as being something that the experts are to worry about, and the ones concerned with queries regarding â€Å"development assistance†. European expansion (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2006) has formed a new â€Å"rural† Europe. Certain of the rural areas of Central plus the Eastern Europe are being structurally transformed (Fraser, 2005). Simultaneously, in Europe and the member nations social services are being subjected to modernisation and improvement (Kumar et al. , 2003). The researchers who are on the lookout for the construction of a dependable rural evidence base are facing confronts. They wish this to inform policy decisions and practice (European Commission [EC], 2006a; OECD, 2006). One of the challenges that they face happens to be the speed of transformation and the requirement for latest research (Commission for Rural Communities [CRC] 2006a). One more is the problem that they face to arrive at a mutual explanation of each of the two rural regions plus the social services so as to conduct a relative research in the European continent which is quite a varied region. Europe is also facing challenges in the area of labour. When the Europeans lose jobs they get upset. This may happen because of inside rivalry in the European Union or because of the international competition that they face from other continents like Asia, and also from Latin America and the United States. In those regions the European carmakers have initiated their plants. The private sector has not been forming any significant number of new jobs since as early as the 1970s, and about 20 million Europeans are not employed of which several may not be ever. Recently there was a survey held in Italy and the results showed that 38% of the participants though unemployment to be the most urgent challenge. This view was held by 58% of the respondents in France, whereas in Germany the figure was as high as 81%. The big nations that are at the centre of the euro region are languishing in the economic area but still they do not seem capable of coming to grips with the opening transformations which are required in such a planet of globalisation, spirited labour markets, and the portable capital pressures of our economies. In the situation when a European loses his job because of his firm setting up in India instead, it is probable that he would not get another job. Plus due to the reducing demographic base the liberal pension systems are being threatened. Several of the European nations are going down and are not being able to sustain their people. For example, by 2050 the population of the Italian nation would go down, from a 57 million to 45 million. By the same time greater than half of the population in Germany would be above 55 years of age. Europe requires that immigration takes place. But this happens to be a contentious means of raising the workforce, since there is a prevalent dread of a rising Muslim population. What is more important? The â€Å"environment† is the place where we live and for improving ourselves in the environment there has to be â€Å"development† taking place. That is to say that the two are indivisible. Additionally, the matters related to development should be perceived by the political chiefs as being important, as they think that their nations have achieved stability and the other countries should struggle at attaining that position. The routes that the industrialized countries take for the purpose of development are obviously indefensible. The decisions that such nations make for improvement, due to their large economic plus political authority, would greatly affect the capability of each person for the sustenance of human growth. This would not be just for them but also for the further generations ahead. Several of the important survival matters concern unbalanced expansion, poverty and population growth. All of these issues extraordinarily pressurize the world’s lands, waters, green areas, plus also other natural resources, not least in the developing nations. Chances and resources are wasted through the downward spiral of paucity and ecological deterioration. Especially it is wasting the human resources. Such associations between paucity, inequity, and ecological deterioration created a significant matter in the assessment and recommendations. There is a requirement of a new period of economic expansion. This expansion has to be powerful but also socially and environmentally sustainable. â€Å"The search for a demanding dynamic balance between economic prosperity, environmental responsibility and social safety is certainly the essential civilizational, and consequently also political, task of the first half of the 21st century† (Plut, 2000: 149). The geopolitical part and situation of Europe had been altered drastically since the past some decades. Being the backing for the European continent, the EU reacted in two methods to the market-, technology- and information-related confrontations of globalisation and the macro regional rivalry with the United States and Japan: with development and nearer interrelation. Nevertheless, the fact that whether the nonexistence of a wide-spread domestic marketplace had been the chief cause of a low level of rivalry of the international firms in the European continent is arguable. In the 1990s an even European Union market had been set up and this allowed for a more essential development of a shared policy also regarding the environment, transport, and communication network. In several ways the expansion of environment rules can possibly be recognized with a past of democratization of the European Union. The EU nations accepted the Amsterdam Treaty in the June of 1997 and its environment related content was influenced a lot due to the deepened political pressures plus also good structured agendas of non-governmental environmental groups and green political parties. Because of the several past environmental pressures in the AC10, the procedure of their modification to the environmental legislation of the EU15 may seem to be extremely challenging, enduring, and due to their reduced item quality and social disaster, in all probability also politically conflictnous. For the purpose of the incorporation into the European Union and also for the modification of the ecological legislation there would be a requirement of capital and this may turn out to be a great burden. The EU15 and the AC10 nations have similar environmental objectives. However, their initial situations, the time, and the means of change are far from identical. AC10 faced economic and social disasters in the beginning of transition and because of this there is no worry for the environment among them both; the people and the government. In 2000, the AC10 had just started developing environmental action programmes and also incorporating the European Union environmental principles into their legislations. Before the EU environmental policy and rules can be adopted completely, there is an anticipation of a longer modification era. There is an anticipation of this era especially in the area of transport, energy sector and agriculture (European Environment Agency, 1999). There are fears of AC10 repeating the mistakes, that the EU nations committed in the 1970s, in the probable era of heavy economic expansion between the years 2000 and 2010 (2015) (Plut, 2000). Conclusion Because of the deterioration of the environment the public health is being affected drastically and it is also leading to social inequity. For the meantime, the economically strong countries who are the causing it escape efficient management by the public. Under the new-liberal stick, environmental, communal and autonomous matters have previously not appeared to be so nearly connected. The effects happening due to the destruction of the environment have affected the developed nations along with the third world nations lately. Such effects have been in, for instance, the health. According to recent studies, hundreds of deaths taking place annually in the major European cities are due to the air pollution which happens because of the too much vehicle traffic. Several others have to undergo chronic asthma, this too for the same reason. Similarly, a large number the young people are suffering from leukaemia. These are the ones who live near waste recycling and storage centre near the Hague, Holland. Industrial pollution is also affecting the babies and infants and they are going to endure it throughout their lives, not only medically but also socially. Water resources are going down, so much so that there is a danger of scarcity. Whatever amount still is there has a poor quality. This is resulting in high prices of water and because of this an increasing number of people cannot get the municipal water supply since they cannot afford to pay the charges. Certain extremely poor Europeans even have to make use of mineral water due to the fact that they are not getting water in their taps. Such kinds of situations should provoke an environmental sense to be at the centre of attention. Concerning biodiversity, the environmental requirements of Europe, just like in other regions, challenge the fundamental judgement regarding the market system that is governed by great, private welfare. It has been frequently thought that environmental requirements are a mere â€Å"luxury†, or at the minimum not the most important issue to be worried about, in front the prevalent social crisis. Nevertheless, suggestions of environmental catastrophe are very well felt in the north and the south and they are reaching an increasing scope of views of our situations of life. Environmental matters have to be handled today, and not simply left for later years. This fact should have been taken into consideration previously; it should be considered even more now. References Anon. (2003). Turning the tide on environmental degradation: the EU examines ways to reverse damage in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Europa, [Online] 28 May 2003. Available at: http://europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do? reference=IP/03/769&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en [Accessed 9 May 2009]. Commission for Rural Communities (CRC). (2006a). Rural Disadvantage – Reviewing the Evidence. Cheltenham: Commission for Rural Communities. European Environment Agency. (1999). Environment in the European Union at the Turn of the Century. Copenhagen: EEA. European Commission. (2006a). Rural Development in the European Union – Statistical and Economic information – Report 2006. [Online] September 2006. Available at: http://ec. europa. eu/agriculture/agrista/rurdev2006/RD_Report_2006. pdf [Accessed 9 May 2009].

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business Essay

There are several categories that a small business can fall into. Within these businesses there are legal, social and economic environments that effect how the business is run and whether the business is a success or failure. From the cost to run to how the tax return is filed; all three have their advantages and disadvantages. All three also can produce a lucrative income for the right person or people. It is imperative to the business for the owner(s) to choose which path is the best way to go while taking in consideration the pros and cons of each type. Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business The idea of a three pronged cord came to me when I noticed how many cords have burned up on my appliances. The third prong on the cord would distribute the current better. My goal is to manufacture and sell my product. Small businesses are what formed our country. From the forming of our governments to starting computer companies in our garages business decisions had to be made. There are three main organizations of small businesses: Sole Proprietor, Partnership, and Corporation.  When opening a business the owner or owners need to know how each organization operates and which would be the best for them. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, but every business falls into one category or another. Business Organizations Sole Proprietor: A sole proprietor is a single individual who makes all the decisions in the business. There is no one to run to and ask â€Å"What do you think about this? † It is the most simple of the three types because there are almost no legal requirements. As a sole proprietor there is more freedom to do what the individual wants which makes it much easier to run. Also, the individual can get a tax benefit and there is a lower cost to start (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 9) Almost anyone can have a small business as a sole proprietor. Although saving some money on the start up and from tax exemptions are a plus, there are some things one has to take into consideration. One is the limited resources because there is no one else around to bounce ideas off of and most people don’t have the business sense to run their own company from the start, unless they’ve had previous experience and knowledge in that field (Tavassoli, 2013. Another is the difficulty of borrowing money. Most banks or investors are hesitant to lend funds to one person because their financial resources are limited. Finally, all the liability of the business is put directly on the individual (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 9). Whatever happens in the business is solely on the owner and there usually isn’t anyone to fall back on for help. Partnership: The second type of business is a partnership. There is more room for growth in this type of business because now we have an added talent or experience (Tavassoli, 2013). You automatically have someone to get insight on ideas and bring more ideas to the table. There is a better opportunity to borrow money. Now instead of one persons income and assets there are two. Someone is more likely to help finance a partnership than an individual person (Tavassoli, 2013, Slide 10). In addition, the business return flows into the individual/joint return. Just as a sole proprietor, a partnership has unlimited liability. The only difference is now there is more than one person involved so burden is split. In a partnership the owners are responsible for all the debt and expenses of the business (Ebert & Griffin, 2005). Something else to consider is the difficulty to sell a business owned by a partnership. Why is it difficult? Consent is always needed from the other partner. No decision can be legally made without the other partner agreeing. Corporation: The third decision is a Corporation. Companies like Apple, Ford, and Microsoft all fall into corporations. One good thing about a corporation is the stockholders of a corporation have limited liability which means they are only liable for the amount they invested (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 11) When there are law suits or debts only the corporation loses money. Lenders and investors are most like to provide funding for a legitimate corporation before others. Another thing is there is a better chance to find talent and pool ideas. The opportunity to create more jobs is another plus for being a corporation. With the good comes the bad. In a corporation there are multiple stockholders that have to be answered to when it comes to business decisions (Tavassoli, 2013. ) Theses owners will have their own opinions on how things should be done and which ideas to be taken into action. A corporation can be easily taken over if it is agreed upon by the majority of the owners. The financial reporting requirements are more extensive. Finally, at the corporate level businesses are double taxes not only as a corporation but on the paid dividends to its stockholders (Ebert & Griffin, 2005). After careful consideration I feel a limited partnership is the best choice for my business. A Limited Partnership would allow us to obtain financing in the future, rather than trying to get financing on my own as a sole proprietor. Also, the amount of liability is reduced because we are only liable for the amount of our individual investments. This allows my partner not to have to take an active role in the partnership. A limited partnership agreement is not required but will be put in place to protect each partner (CEC, 2010).